Programming concepts

What is the most advanced and difficult programming concept to understand?

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pointers

Wrong.

Callbacks.

Parallel Programming

I've been told this is something that even graduate students struggle with.

The lambda calculus.

Recursion

Goto

Wrong.

Closures.

closures are inner functions where you have access to variables from the outer function

think about this:

const prefix = '!';

client.on('message', message => {
if (!message.content.startswith(prefix)) return;
});

where in the message event/lambda function is prefix declared? nowhere, but it has access to the variable because it was defined outside of it

partialy defined functions