Hello Gill Bates.
Linux
I'll leave that to when I delve further into the subject. Any book/article recommendations by any chance?
That user here, no problem! Yes, Linux has fully editable and available source code. The licensing even states that no edited version of it can be made closed source. The guy who made the license is the same guy who ran the userland development project, and he thinks proprietary stuff is evil, so he added that bit to the license terms. But as long as you give the source code when/if you release your changes, you can do whatever you want with it.
The source code for the kernel is here
kernel.org
The GNU project is here. There's a lot of software, most of which is just stuff they make that isn't a core part of what makes the OS function. Most relevant ones imo are coreutils, gcc, some others ending in utils, and gnome.
gnu.org
They also have some software philosophy articles on this site, preaching the virtues of the Free Software movement.
Of course there's a ton of other software that your system would have if you ran a distribution of this OS. All of that is open source too.
Ranty youtubers
Almost all Linux users are slaves to repositories meanwhile Windows users can download an .exe file and get the latest version, bleeding edge beta version, or an ancient version of whatever software then want if they have the .exe .
We literally have made habit of frequently changing OS's just to get software we find effective. Solutions have been offered such as distro agnostic pack managers like flatpak and snap, and tools like appimage. However they are primarily ignored in favor of ancient tools like apt-get and .deb.
In Debian/Ubuntu's case apt-get should continue to exist for people who want it and how it saves a lot of space. But developers should be encouraged to take advantage of flatpak and appimage and even tar.gz bundles to prevent software from being chained to particular distros.
I N S U R A N C E
F R A U D
>he doesn't know how to compile a program
Installing self compiled software on debian like systems is one hell of a mess.