china wasnt a civilization, since civilization requires cities and chinkland had no cities-- only semi-permanent primitive settlements
>civilizational development
ignoring the noise from CCP propaganda and comparing Western and east Asian civilization, objectively, based on ancient city footprints, we observe that Western civilization contains more than 4000 ancient cities older than 2000 years and far exceeds east Asia which barely contains a dozen ancient cities. east Asian civilization was a collection of peasant villages that do not even rival the complex network of thousands of large ancient cities of Western civilization
list of ancient, complex european cities with extensive infrastructure still evident
greater than 3k yrs old: Athens, Argos, Santorini, Corinth, Knossos, Mycenae, Cádiz, Siena, Granada, Barcelona, Lisbon, Marseille, Cagliari....
greater than 2k yrs old: Rome, Syracuse, Vienna, London, Lyon, Milan, Naples, Paris, Padua, Augsburg, Córdoba, Venice, Trier, Cologne, Autun, Ypres, Toulouse, Salonika, Speyer, Ravenna, Pozzuoli, Philippi, Marseilles, Messina, Genoa, Worms, Florence, Feodosia, Constantinople, Nuremberg, Bologna, Narbonne, Palermo, Brussels, Dublin, Kiev, Lublin, Leuven, Seville, Plovdiv, Évora, Cork, Béziers...
Madrid, Hamburg, Ghent, Berlin, Amsterdam, Bucharest, Prague, Moscow...
In comparison, china has virtually 0 complex ancient cities with extensive infrastructure that is still evident, not even beijing has ancient city infrastructure and remnants!
yes, Europe went thru thousands of wars, yet thousands of ancient Western cities still have ancient buildings! China was always a glorified collection of primitive peasant rice farming villages and 1 hive queen in the shitty Imperial village to control them. Based on European standards, China never had an ancient settlement to even qualify as a city.